British Criminology

Knowledge is very important to a concept like criminology that is both empirically and theoretically based. However, it cannot be avoided that in certain aspect criminology may lack specific necessities especially in some countries where the criminal justice system is rather not yet fully developed. The development of the aspect of criminology is very important in addressing criminality and crimes. The effectiveness of the justice system, particularly of the criminal justice system is greatly dependent on the comprehensiveness and stability of criminology.In Britain, knowledge is equally acknowledged as an important aspect of criminology. Thus, knowledge has been constructed in the British criminology since the year 1960 (Soothill & Peelo, 2007). Criminologists recognized the importance of research Exercises and citations in their jobs in order to establish authority and legal basis (Soothill & Peelo, 2007). Criminology According to the British Society of Criminology (2005), criminol ogy is both a theoretical and an empirical discipline that draws on the range of human and social science disciplines.The British Society of Criminology (2005) likewise added that at the heart of criminology â€Å"are theoretical debates about a wide range of perspectives†. According to them, criminology should emphasize the relevance of a firm and strong knowledge base to serve as evidence and basis for its theories and for the evaluation of the crime control policies (British Society of criminology, 2005). Strong knowledge base on this aspect is very important because it ensures that there are reasonably reliable pieces of evidence that has been consulted during the judicial enquiry.However, it is believed that in pursuing these values, it is necessary that a lively debate should be nurtured that employs both qualitative and quantitative data in a dialogue between a range of methodological and theoretical perspectives (British Society of Criminology, 2005). Criminology shou ld ensure that a premature foreclosure of this dialogue be not resorted to favoring certain sub-discipline fields, either endorsed by state officials, the mass media, or by fashions of academic thought (British Society of Criminology, 2005).Criminology is also empirically concerned with the â€Å"processes of criminalization and victimization; and the causes and organization of crime and deviance† (British Society of Criminology, 2005). In criminology, it is important that criminologists have the necessary knowledge in relation to criminality so that they can identify crimes, treats the same and provide for punishments. This is very important because if criminologists do not have the proper knowledge, they may not readily recognize a crime once they encounter the same, hence failure to address it.Criminology is also concerned with the â€Å"process of managing crime, deviance, and victimization, including policing, criminal justice and penalty, community safety and less form al means of addressing criminality (British Society of Criminology, 2005). For criminologists, in order for them to effectively handle and address criminality and decrease crime rates, they should be able to crimes under the authority of police power and the corresponding function of a judicial authority.For example, as criminology includes policing, it is important that the criminologists know the rules and laws governing the proper execution of the power of a police officer. He should make sure that rights are not violated in the process. As a social discipline, criminology is constantly changing with its subject fast-moving both in theory and methodological development. The changes correspond with the equally fast changes in the social environment.Moreover, the change is due to the system’s intention to capture the changes and interaction of ideas into a more complex methodological dialogue about its relevance to the social life. In its modern form, criminology is characte rized by issues on how to: †¢ â€Å"Operationalize its theories in conducting research† (British Society of Criminology, 2005) – the changes may be necessary so that new ideas and criminological concepts may be formulated through research.The debates are important because they determine the endless possibilities in relation to the application of criminology in social life. Criminology is concerned on how research and knowledge can be used n order to make effective criminology itself. For example, criminology is important in order to conduct and study specific occurrences in relation to criminality and deviance; †¢ â€Å"Explain its subject matter† (British Society of Criminology, 2005) – Knowledge in relation to criminology is likewise important in order to understand its nature and applicability.Criminology endeavors to make its own extent comprehensive and understandable by the public so that they can be consulted in cases of incidents its app lication may be necessary; †¢ â€Å"inform the debates over crime control policy; the links between criminal and social justice, and the expanding knowledge bases of the crime and justice related professions† (British Society of Criminology, 2005) – Modern criminology is a way to provide the public with knowledge base on how social justice may be promoted and how rights may be protected even in cases of criminal infringements.It should be noted however that under criminology, by concept of social justice in relation to crimes should mean that criminology should comprehend all aspects of social justice even as it involves the criminal. Criminology, as a knowledge base is used by legal and justice related professionals in the pursuance of social justice and the treatment of crimes. According to the British Society of Criminology (2005), as a changing academic discipline, its knowledge base should necessarily change to address the corresponding changes in its environ ment.â€Å"As such, the importance attached to different classical and contemporary theories will continually change† (British Society of Criminology, 2005). The changes in the â€Å"classical and contemporary theories also requires changes in theories and application in the various areas of criminological enquiry (British Society of Criminology, 2005). Moreover, â€Å"such new areas may also be generated by changing political and social concerns, or by changes within another discipline, such as philosophy† (British Society of Criminology, 2005).For example, the constant change in criminology may be brought about by technological advancements. As new technologies and device are created, corresponding laws relating to specific acts may be enacted in order to identify criminality of specific acts in relation to these advancements, which in the past may not be covered by law or criminological precedents. Specifically, as has been experienced, many scrupulous machinations have been resorted to by some criminals in order to avoid prosecution because certain acts may not be covered by a law that penalizes crimes.In the case of crimes related to the Internet, many have escaped prosecution because past laws do not cover acts committed through and via the Internet. â€Å"Criminology, like all social sciences, is both theoretically and evidence based that requires the comprehension of specific issues† (British Society of Criminology, 2005). The importance of knowledge base in criminology has prompted the British Society of Criminology (2006) to create the Code of Ethics for researchers in the Field of Criminology.This is because of the fact that it is the researchers who gather and make use of the knowledge as a product of their research and used in the judicial inquiry. Among others, the Code serves as guidance to researchers in the field of criminology to aid them â€Å"in keeping with the aims of the society to value and promote the highest eth ical standards in criminological research† (British Society of Criminology, 2006).According to this Code, and as a guiding principle of the British Society of Criminology, â€Å"researchers should ensure that research is undertaken to the highest methodological standard and the highest quality in order that maximum possible knowledge and benefits accrue to the society† (British Society of Criminology, 2006). The Code ensures that researchers only gather the most credible and highest standard of knowledge in order to establish a sound criminal justice system. The aspect of criminology should be ensured to be given that taint of authority and credibility so that the people can develop trust and confidence to its concept.Specifically, according to the British Society of Criminology (2006), the researcher has the following responsibilities: General Responsibilities The researcher should endeavor to: 1. â€Å"Advance knowledge about criminological issues† (British Soc iety of Criminology, 2006) – as criminal researchers, it is their responsibility to ensure that they accumulate a sustained knowledge base with comprehensive application to cover the various criminological issues and its relationship to each other.For example, researchers, in tackling a criminal issue should consider it in relation to specific laws and its relationship to any other issues and laws that may somehow be directly or indirectly affect its applicability and outcomes. This can be explained in the various aspects of criminology as in the case of policing as it relates to the crime busting and crime punishment. In policing, researchers should not only provide knowledge that pertain to policing but on how to execute this authority in connection with the rights of the people and the rights of the public being protected.2. â€Å"Identify and seek to ameliorate factors which restricts the development of their professional competence and integrity† (British Society of Criminology, 2006) – As researchers undergo research, criminological knowledge should also be accumulated that provides guidance on how restrictions may be avoided and the full application of this knowledge can be attained. Researchers should also identify how they can improve their competence and the reliability and credibility of criminology by giving knowledge and criminology with known integrity;3. â€Å"Seek appropriate experience or training to improve their professional competence, and identify and deal with any factors which threaten to restrict their professional integrity† (British Society of Criminology, 2006) – In criminology, criminologists and researchers should endeavor to improve competence by undergoing trainings and continuous improvement and enhancement of knowledge and qualities that can help improve criminology through improved knowledge base derived from meaningful research; 4.â€Å"Refrain from laying claim, directly or indirectly, to expertise in areas of criminology which they do not have† (British Society of Criminology, 2006) – as researchers tasks with the gathering of criminological knowledge, they should avoid assumptions and the incorporation of personal views and opinions that are not validated and unsupported by actual facts and information. For example, in the judicial inquiry, it is important that the research provide information so that the proper authorities can come up with a decision regarding a controversy through validated precedents and established facts;5. â€Å"Take all reasonable steps to ensure that their qualifications, capabilities or views are not misrepresented by others† (British Society of Criminology, 2006) – sometimes the quality of the criminological knowledge is dependent on how it is presented and fed to the people and those intended to use the same. In this regard, researchers should endeavor to provide criminological knowledge that are well organized and understandable, avoiding vagueness and allow for not biased interpretations;6. â€Å"Correct any misrepresentations and adopt the highest standards in all their professional relationships with institutions and colleagues whatever their status† (British Society of Criminology, 2006) – misrepresentations, should, at all times be avoided to maintain the highest standard of criminological knowledge formed only by information provided by proper authorities and backed up with supporting evidence and justification;7. â€Å"Respect their various responsibilities as outlined in the Code† (British Society of Criminology, 2006) – in order for the researcher to be able to recognize and comprehend the various knowledge available, he should comply with all the rules and ethical standards being imposed by the Code; 8.â€Å"Keep up to date with ethical and methodological issues in the field, for example by reading research monographs and participating in training ev ents† (British Society of Criminology, 2006) – researchers should ensure the quality and integrity of the criminological knowledge by adhering to ethical principles that will attach credibility to the research process, the researchers and the outcomes; 9. â€Å"Check the reliability of their sources of information, in particular when using the internet† (British Society of Criminology, 2006).Responsibilities towards the Discipline of Criminology In addition to these general responsibilities, they also have responsibilities to others in the practice under the same field. He has the responsibility to promote advancement and effectiveness of information dissemination and to protect intellectual and professional freedom (British Society of Criminology, 2006). He can do this by acknowledging the various research processes and the authenticity and the integrity of knowledge.In addition, he also has the responsibility to promote conducive environment and relationship wi th other professionals and the environment because this will dictate the quality of knowledge and criminology as a whole. â€Å"More specifically, researchers should promote free and independent inquiry into criminological matters and unrestricted dissemination of criminological knowledge† (British Society of Criminology, 2006). Unrestricted dissemination of criminological knowledge is important in the determination of the quality and applicability of the knowledge in relation to various aspects of criminology.â€Å"Researchers should endeavor to ensure that the methodology employed and the research findings are open for discussion and peer review† (British Society of Criminology, 2006). This respects the functions of other professionals and allow for checks and balances and the review of the reliability of the information. In the process, it can improve the quality of the information because other minds can be consulted with their own views and research incorporated t o the knowledge base. Development of British CriminologyThe development of British criminology has been discussed in a number of instances by various authors and scholars expert to their respective fields of criminology. For example, in his book, Tierney discussed the development of criminology in relation to the various cultural and societal influences that had shaped it. For example, he discussed how American criminology has affected and shaped the British criminology by providing a well-organized discussion of the various influences in the various stages of the development of British criminology.In Maguire, Morgan & Reiner: The Oxford Handbook of Criminology, it is said that the history of criminology is perhaps too complex to be captured in a single text; however, despite its comprehensive and compendious relevance, collections of books and writings did a good job in outlining its development and its areas of descent and growth as it is discussed in the books, The Origins and Gr owth of Criminology by Piers Beirne and The History of Criminology by Paul RockAfter which, a series of studies have been conducted headed by Michael Foucalt (1977) in his work Discipline and Punish wherein he analyzed and discussed the role of power knowledge in relation to the various disciplinary and governmental institutions. Meanwhile, in an other essay authored by Pasquale Pasquino entitled, The Invention of criminology: Birth of a Special Savior; and The Foucault Effect: Studies in Governmentality by Burchell, Gordon and Miller, they discussed criminal delinquent as a new subject for scientific and administrative issue in the nineteenth-century Europe.They view the development of criminology as a necessary aspect of a society to address delinquencies. Criminology is important in the administration of justice and the treatment of delinquent behavior. In addition, in the work, Punishment and Welfare: A History of Penal Strategies (1985), it was discussed the developing criminol ogical aspect anchored and revolving around the penal-welfare institutions in Britain as the twentieth century culminates.Other than these works, there are other meaningful accounts on the development of criminology in Britain like Radsinowicz’ memoir, Adventures in Criminology (1999) as well as Clarke and Cornish’s (1983), â€Å"Crime Control in Britain: A Review of Policy Research, which among others discussed the development of Home Office. Cohen on the other hand offers a sociological analysis of the post-war developments in relation to British Criminology; while Fitzgerald, McLeenan and Pawson (1981) discussed the intellectual tensions that affected the British criminology especially during the period of the 1960s and 1970s.In Sumner’s (1994), The Sociology of Deviance: An Obituary, he laid down an extended history of the sociology of deviance in critical analysis with the issue of criminology. The contemporary aspect of the development of British criminol ogy are further discussed by Nelken (1994) and Holdaway and Rock (1998). According to Newburn and Vagg (1998), it was only ten years since the first British Criminology Conference and much has changed from that time. Initially, at about 1987, many criminological researches were carried out by a small number of researchers and their works are often the sole representative of criminological inquiry.This only means that with this system, criminological knowledge in solving crimes is limited. In addition, knowledge may not always be that comprehensive and reliable. It was then possible that mistakes may continue on to court decisions without verification. As a result, judicial inquiry may have outcomes that may be of poor legal basis. But now, criminology and criminologists proliferate (Newburn, & Vagg, 1998). The development of criminology in Britain underwent an elusive transformation through the combined efforts of numerous criminologists and judicial authorities.It helped in the imp rovement of the criminal justice system and the aspect of criminology in the country especially with the fact that many criminologists can readily ignore writing that are more than fifteen years old, â€Å"with evident consequences for the public presentation and validation of expert knowledge† (Soothill, & Peelo, 2007). However, it should be noted that as a discipline that constantly change, writings in support of judicial enquiry should also be updated. Writings that are more than fifteen years old may not be as credible as the contemporary views.In this regard, criminology and criminological research is very important so that this deficiency may be addressed. This is the reason why criminological knowledge is very important especially in the treatment of crimes. The quality of criminological knowledge determines the quality of criminologists and the quality of crime related policies in a society. â€Å"Criminology, like all social sciences, is both theoretically and evide nce based that requires the comprehension of specific issues† (British Society of Criminology, 2005).In this regard, criminological knowledge ensures that it is presented with reliable and verified evidence to support its applicability and its relevance to specific issues. References British Society of Criminology. (2005). Criminology Benchmarks. Retrieved January 9, 2008, from www. c-sap. bham. ac. uk/subject_areas/criminology/Criminology_Benchmarks. doc British Society of Criminology (2006). Code of Ethics for Researchers in the Field of Criminology. Retrieved January 9, 2008, from http://www. britsoccrim. org/ethical.htm Burchell, G. , Gordon, C. , & Miller, P (1991). The Foucalt Effect: Studies in Governmentality, London:Harvester Wheatsheaf. Clarke, R. V. G. , Cornish, D. (1983). Crime and Control in Britain: A Review of Policy Research. Albany: State University of New York. Cohen, S. (n. d. ). Footprints on the Sand: A Further report on Criminology and the Sociology of D eviance in Britain. Fitzgerald, M. , McLeenan, G. , Pawson, J. (1981). Crime and Society: Readings in History and Theory. London: Routledge. Foucault, M.(1977). Discipline and Punish. London: Allen Lane. Holdaway, S. , & Rock, P. (1998). Thinking About Criminology. London: UCL Press. Maguire, Morgan & Reiner: The Oxford Handbook of Criminology (n. d. ). Retrieved January 9, 2008, from http://www. oup. com/uk/orc/bin/9780199249374/resources/reading/ch01/ Nelken, D. (1994). The Futures of Criminology. London: Sage. Newburn, T. , & Vagg, J. (1995). The British Criminology Conferences: Selected Proceedings. Retrieved January 9, 2008, from http://www. britsoccrim.org/volume1/001. pdf Pasquino, P. (n. d. ). The Invention of Criminology: Birth of a Special Savior. Punishment and Welfare: A History of penal Strategies (1985). Aldershot: Gower. Radzinowicz. (1999). Adventures in Criminology. London: Routledge. Soothill, K. , 7 Peelo, M. (2007). Constructing British Criminology. Howard Journa l of Criminal Justice, 46 (5), 476-492. Sumner, C. (1994). The Sociology of Deviance: An Obituary. Buckingham: Open University Press. Tierney, J. (n. d. ). Criminology: Theory and Context.

Disney’s Transition into Television and its Effects on Child Actors Essay

Disney has expanded their enterprise into many different areas, one of them being television. As Disney has explored the medium of television, they have focused the shows for the audience of children. In 1955, The Mickey Mouse Club was one of the first shows that Disney had on television. In order to appeal to younger audiences, the show had â€Å"young attractive stars performing before a live audience, clowns, magicians, cartoons, guest stars, educational elements, and music written for the show† (Pendergast). Children liked to watch the show because they were watching kids that were about the same age as them, and they could relate to the actors. The children watching the show were heavily influenced by the Mickey Mouse Club because they looked up to and saw the actors as role models (Telotte). They wanted to be like the actors, so Disney profited off this generation of children by putting out merchandise related to the show. In this way, Disney started making more and more money because of these child actors. Many people argue about the effect that watching Disney’s television shows and â€Å"their positive and negative influence on kids† (Hillstrom). However, what about the effect that Disney’s television shows have on the child actors? These children spend their childhood on the sets of television shows, â€Å"being a kid is a full-time job, with scripts to memorize, and tutoring to endure† (Corliss). They are playing the characters of normal kids, without being able to experience a normal childhood themselves, it is no wonder that many child stars get into trouble when they â€Å"start growing up and moving out† (Armstrong, Markovitz) and leave Disney, because they have not been able to experience normal life growing up as a Disney actor. Disney’s â€Å"ability to grow teen talent† year after year is what makes the Disney Channel so successful (Luscombe). While Disney’s other ventures are not making as much money as they used to, â€Å"Disney’s Teen Machine has become a finely tuned profit pump in an industry rife with unpredictability† (Luscombe). Disney seems to have figured out the formula for a great teen star, and they know when they see one. Casting agents at Disney say that â€Å"while they love high-energy kids who can deliver a line and get the humor, they avoid overtrained types† â€Å"they try to cast very real kids who have raw talent† (Armstrong). For most child stars, television is not the endgame, it is just the launchpad that they need to build themselves up until they become big stars. They also cannot just rely on their raw talent to get them though, acting is their job and they are getting paid to film the shows and star in the movies that Disney creates, so they need to not only be â€Å"cute, smart, and quick to learn lines, but also dedicated, focused, and in it for the long haul† (Armstrong). Disney Channel’s stereotypical television character is a teenage girl or boy with a strong family who sometimes gets into funny situations that they learn from in the end. The story lines differ from show to show, but the characters usually have that same background. They always have strong family values with an annoying sibling or two in order to make the show more interesting. Many of Disney’s successful shows have been known to continue for at least four seasons and sometimes more. This is because Disney is a family friendly network so they advertise â€Å"wholesome family entertainment†, and appeal to not only the children, but also their parents (Pendergast). Parents are a very large part of Disney’s enterprise, because they are the ones who are buying all of the merchandise. If they do not think that a certain show is having a positive influence on their children, they will stop letting their children watch the show which leads to less merchandise being bought. In this way, the teen actors also need to be very aware of the decisions that they make. Because they are the stars of these Disney shows, the kids that watch them on television look up to them. They instantly become role models for these children whether they want to be or not. And if they make a bad decision in their everyday lives and it gets into the media, and parents disapprove of the message it sends to their children, they stop being consumers of the actor and the show. Eventually the child and teen actors grow up, and want to leave the Disney Channel and pursue a career as an adult actor. However making the switch from Disney to Hollywood has not been achieved often. Disney has crafted a certain image for their stars, and it is hard for the actors to shake an image that has been associated with them for most of their childhood. The young actors grow out of the Disney shows and want to branch out into more serious roles, and many leave Disney and a lot of money behind to do so, for example Hilary Duff star of the hit Disney show Lizzie McGuire â€Å"famously walked away from a multi-million dollar offer† to start off on her own without Disney (Armstrong, Markovitz). Sometimes the upside for Disney is that when a star moves on, â€Å"the company no longer has to answer for every saucy leaked photo and tabloid scandal† in order to keep up their cookie cutter image (Armstrong, Markovitz). However, Disney would like to keep making money off of the stars, and they do that by â€Å"creating more opportunities so that the talent is more interested in engaging longer with the company† (Luscombe). In trying to keep their young stars, Disney has â€Å"created more opportunities for the stars within the company† (Luscombe). Disney has created many paths that they have their stars take, in wanting them to stay at Disney, they make the stars get involved in all aspects of disney. They make the stars go into no only acting in their television shows, but also getting involved in music and singing. This not only helps the stars gain more fame and fans, but makes Disney much more money than before. Instead of hiring actors and singers and dancers, Disney has shaped their stars so that they do everything with just one person. Disney has also had success in putting all three of these aspects together when they created High School Musical and The Cheetah Girls. They also take stars from their different television shows and put them in special episodes of other shows. This tactic advertises the individual actor and also a new show. Another way Disney gets their stars more involved in the company is if the stars record music and they put it in another movie, it advertises both the actor and the new movie. Disney’s advertising tactics have make their company more successful, and also their stars more famous. However because Disney has incorporated the stars into the company so much and has advertised them and their work as Disney, it is hard for them to branch out, which is exactly what Disney wants. They want to make it hard for the Actors to become disassociated with Disney. However, some stars handle branching away from Disney better than others. For example, Shia LaBeouf became very successful after Disney, starring in many great movies such as the Transformers series. Other former Disney stars handled the Disney branding badly, such as Miley Cyrus. She starred in the very lucrative Disney Channel show Hannah Montana. Where she played a very pure girl who moves for Tennessee to Malibu and has a secret life as a pop star. Miley had an even harder job at getting away from Disney that most other stars because she was not only known for the character Miley Stewart that she played on the show, but also for the character Hannah Montana which was the pop star alter ego on the show. She had two Disney characters to disassociate with and not just one. It was no secret that â€Å"Miley had been publicly testing the waters of adulthood for a few years†, she was taking dramatic and daring Vanity Fair photos and had â€Å"vaguely stripperish dance moves† at an awards show performance (Donahue). She also started to dress differently, less like the character on the show, and more of the short shorts and skin showing clothes. She was trying to change her image from Disney to more dangerous. However, the parents of the children who watched Hannah Montana were angry and made accusations that Miley was now a bad role model for their children and she lost some of her Disney fan base. â€Å"Disney makes you a star, you make them an enormous amount of money, and then you either crash and burn or you go out and stake your claim in the real world† (Donahue). In trying to branch out and get out from under the Disney stereotype, many of the former Disney stars have gotten into trouble with drugs and partying because they go to such drastic measures to change their image. They turn to drug use for the reason that it is so anti-Disney and they feel like that is the only way for people to see them not as their Disney Channel characters but as adults. But because Disney started their careers, they are indebted to them and feel like they owe it to Disney to stay with them for longer than they would want to. They also now have so much money that they could potentially get out of the business all together and be fairly well off. Disney has made a lot of money off of them and their fame, but they have also made a considerable amount off of Disney. Disney has made its young actors so famous that the kids have the world at their feet (Armstrong, Markovitz). But how much has the Disney lifestyle affected the child actors in their development and view of the world around them. They have not grown up like other normal kids did, they act for a living, and it is a full time job. They have to memorize lines and they are on set all day, they do not have time to go to school so they have tutors (Corliss). They play characters that live normal lives, and go to school, but they have not experienced these things themselves first hand. They are sheltered from the outside world while they are being shaped by Disney. They are who many normal children look up to and want to be, but sometimes they might want to just be normal. Having to represent Disney and watch everything that they do and say is a stressful job, and that stress created by Disney’s expectation of them and their fans expectation of them is enough to make anyone want to act out a bit, especially because they are teenagers. Being in the public eye and always being careful of what you do is not how children are supposed to grow up. They are supposed to be able to make mistakes and learn from those mistakes, but these Disney stars do not get the opportunity to make those mistakes because everyone is watching them and if they made even a minuscule mistake, the public would criticize them to no end. They have to live up to the Disney stereotype of the perfect pure child and also try to grow up and learn. Which is why when these stars try to deviate from Disney and to branch out from them, they take the most drastic measures possible because they do not know any other way. These child actors have so many children looking up to them, and so many people watching them that they do not have any room to breath and just be kids, they grow up too fast and then people criticize them for doing things that are too adult like wearing clothes that show ample amounts of skin or going out to clubs and partying, they grew up too fast in Hollywood and in the public spotlight. Disney has made billions off of these child actors and have created many opportunities for them to build their fame and fortune (Armstrong). But is Disney taking these children, shaping them into what they want the stars to be, and then when they are too old and Disney no longer needs them are they throwing these actors out to fend for themselves when they do not really know anything different than Disney? Society expects these children who have had to grow up too quickly in the environment that they were placed in and have not had proper childhoods to be perfect and to not make any mistakes when realistically we should be encouraging them to make mistakes and learn from them. Our society has expectations that are too high for these children and are too high even for adults to meet. We need to put less pressure on these Disney child actors to be perfect and to encourage them to be kids and to have fun. The pressure that they have on them from Disney to be successful, make a lot of money, and to conform to what Disney wants them to be combined with societies expectations for them to be good role models and to always make the right decision is too much pressure for these children to handle. So they turn to drugs and alcohol so that they are no longer expected to be the perfect person. The child actors are sometimes overlooked in the argument of television, but they have also been affected.

The Strenuous Cycle Of Stress - 1111 Words

Alex Corbin College Composition Mr. Short 22 January 2016 The Strenuous Cycle of Stress For the past year and a half I have been swamped with college visits, essay writing lessons, standardized testing tutoring, endless family discussions, and stress beyond belief. It was not until recently, when I was accepted into college, that the chaos finally ceased†¦ barely. The size of the burden that the college process places on high school juniors and seniors is too enormous to measure and too unnecessarily complicated to understand. But regardless, it continues to grow. The meaning of an acceptance into a higher education institution has transformed from acting as just an acceptance into a college into an acceptance of one’s self worth.†¦show more content†¦Dr. Kenneth Ginsburg, an adolescent medicine specialist at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and the author of books on teenage stress and resiliency for the American Academy of Pediatrics, expressed how he perceives the college admissions process as â€Å"an initiation rite into adulthood.† However, he went on to explain how, â€Å"if success is defined very narrowly, such as a fat envelope from a specific college, then many kids end up going through it and feeling like a failure† (Parker-pope). The college admissions process is a draining cycle of strenuous work on a teenage mind. With acceptance rates so low at top institutions, how can admissions officers expect the extreme drive of all applicants to remain so high? When will they realize that these students are bound to crack? That they can only stand so many sleepless nights and ensure so many emotional breakdowns? You may think that I am biased, that I do not actually understand what it feels like to be disappointed because I was accepted, however, here you are wrong. Throughout my high school career I have witnessed rejections everywhere I have turned. What once stood as a place with promising purpose and desirable opportunities where one can explore their interests and expand their endless ideas, higher education has transformed into solely a right of passage or approval with no hindered meaning. The society we live in has this warped perception and obsession with elite colleges that has

Ideas, Formulas and Shortcuts for College Papers for Sale Research Papers

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Secular Music Essay examples - 515 Words

Secular Music In addition to being a time of great religious significance, the sixteenth century was also a period of bawdy earthiness, irreverent humor, and celebration of sensual love. The same composers who created works for the greater glory of God also wrote compositions of an entirely different character. In Italy and England, the principal form of secularmusic was the madrigal, which in France was called chanson, and in Germany Lied. The madrigal is one of the most representative examples of developments in vocal music. The first madrigals originated in Italy around 1530, and were designed to convey in as much detail as possible the meaning of the poem on which they were based. The 1588 publication of a volume of translated†¦show more content†¦He is considered to be one of the most accomplished madrigalists of the English school. Renaissance musicians looked to Italy for models and inspiration. In Italy small, organized schools, referred to as Academies, led to the regular gathering and exchange of ideas between artists, poets, musicians, and the performance of new musical works. This type of activity was soon imitated throughout Europe. Music was no longer just accessible to the aristocracy and nobility, but slowly became part of the daily lives of common people. Instrumental Music The Lute The lute is one of the oldest musical instruments, dating back to around 2500 BC. Originating from the Middle East, this instrument gained in popularity amongst many cultures. The English word lute originally came from the Arabic al-oud, which literally means branch of wood. Other versions of this instrument are also known in Japan and Africa. The Japanese Shamisen is another example of a lute instrument. Up until the end of the 1700s, the lute was one of the most popular instruments in Europe. Lute music is usually written using a complex system of notation known as tabular notation or tablature, which uses numbers and letters of the alphabet to represent pitches through finger placement on the instruments neck and frets. Renaissance instrumental compositions were often written to explore the technical and expressiveShow MoreRelatedEssay about Music: The Change from Spiritual to Secular1810 Words   |  8 Pagesmarked a period of new beginnings for the people living in England; this time is known as the Renaissance. In England, the people were challenging their past beliefs; where before the Renaissance, England thrived basing their lives, government, and music off of God and his principles alone. During these one-hundred and seventy-five years, the English people started questioning their original principles about religion and established a yearning for information and proof based off of science insteadRead MoreThe Affect of Sacred Music on Secular Music875 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Swing Low Sweet Chariot† has been said to be a favorite song of secular music star Beyonce. To some this may come as an incredibly shocking revelation as Ms. Knowles lyrics and public antics often are seen as everything but the acts of a true Christian woman. It is also a known fact that the things one partakes in during their youth greatly shapes the rest of their lives. Beyonce growing up in the church is reflected to the public by one of her favorite songs being a classic gospel song. â€Å"When youRead MoreSimilarities Between Catholicism And Secular Humanism1617 Words   |  7 PagesA similarity is that both Catholicism and Secular Humanism believe that there is a moral code which must be followed to live a peaceful life, however they differ as to the origin, with Catholicism being that God created the moral compass whereas Secular Humanists believe that human char acter and behaviour created moral beliefs. Both believe in the ethical principles and the dignity and worth of all people and creation. Both also believe in the truth setting individuals free and that there is a purposeRead MoreEssay Questions On Human Flourishing Project1727 Words   |  7 PagesFlourishing Project: Issues in Secular Music Has secular music taken over a large percentage of what the world listens to? Secular music has evolved tremendously over the past six decades worldwide, including new music genres such as alternative, hip hop and rap, and Dubstep. The memorable lyrics and contagious beats played on the radio have enticed Christians and non-believers into secular music’s deceiving, yet subtle, power. Singers discuss the indulgences in this music: alcohol, sex, drugs, and everyRead MoreSacred Music in the Age of Rebirth Essay1251 Words   |  6 Pageschanges in sacred music in the Renaissance, and consider the Church’s response. In order to understand the changes which occurred in music and which affected the Liturgy in the Renaissance period, it is necessary to give a brief sketch of music in earlier times. The first notable aspect of Renaissance music and musical thought is the pace at which it developed. This rapidity stands in contrast to all previous music history. The history of Western art music properly begins with the music of the ChristianRead MoreReligious Music And Its Influence On The Music Industry1388 Words   |  6 Pagespeople listen to secular music or be entertained by television shows? Music has always been a source of entertainment from the days of ole until today. Music is either spiritual or secular. Secular music can be defined as music that does not have a biblical message; it instigates promiscuity, violence or any other possible harmful acts. Some say listening to secular music is harmless because it doesn’t influence your spirituality. The music you listen to should glorify God. Music in its originalRead MoreLeonardo s Madonna Of The Rocks1298 Words   |  6 Pagesculture. Music in the Middle Ages was generally monophonic, meaning it had a single melodic line. Sacred voice music such as Gregorian Chants were set to Latin text and sung unaccompanied. Since songs during the period were either troubadour or trouvà ¨re, the chants had no real harmony. Composers were relatively uninterested in expressing the emotions of a text. Composers based original compositions on chant melodies, which often move by step within a narrow range. It was the only type of music allowedRead MoreMusic s Influence On Western Music1347 Words   |  6 PagesI’m concerned, music has magical power, as the saying goes, music makes a qualities of race higher and expensive, where have music, where enjoy to melt . I think western music is the most fashionable music in the world.Even in classical western music, it was also very modern.Western music has very long history, experienced lots of difficulties and changes. Until now, there are still many researchers studying western m usic’s history. As I know, early western music mostly were light music which didn’tRead MoreThe Power of Music Essay1051 Words   |  5 PagesThe Power of Music Music is the expression of emotion through the medium of sound. From the very first moment a human heard a songbird and endeavored to recreate that beauty, or beat on a hollow log and found the rhythm compelling, music has become the most powerful freedom given by God. Music, in itself, is a characteristic common and unique to all cultures throughout the world. Every culture in history includes music as an important part of everyday life. Music, as a part of culture, willRead MoreMusic from Italy and England690 Words   |  3 Pageswas presented to them. Italy and England were some of the places that were greatly influenced by the renaissance. Music is one area that greatly improved during those years as the Italians took the Trecento Madrigal music. While in England, they used the Elizabethan Madrigal form of music. These two traditions greatly related to each other in many ways. The madrigal was a secular music composition that was discovered during the Renaissance and Baroque years (Adorno 19). They originated in Italy around

Measurement Issues in the Financial Statements of Coca- Cola Amital

Questions: 1. Evaluate the issues of measurement in your selected annual report in the context of AASB/ IASB standards and framework.2.Comment on the relationship between the measurements employed in your selected annual report and the provision of decision useful information, provide examples from your selected annual report. Answers: 1. In this part of the essay presented here, the annual report of Coca- Cola Amital has been evaluated to find out the critical issues with respect to the measurement of the assets and liabilities. As has already been stated that in case of certain assets and liabilities the accounting framework of Australia permits different measurement bases, thus, it is possible that two companies may measure certain assets and liabilities differently (Canadian Accounting Standards Board, 2006). The adoption of different measurement bases for the assets and liabilities reduces the comparability of the financial statements. Further, there arise various issues in the valuation of the business from the investors perspective due to adoption of different measurement base in the preparation of the financial statements. In the context of this, there are few issues identified from the analysis of the annual report of Coca- Cola Amital, which have been discussed in the following paragraphs. In respect of the measurement of property, plant, and equipment, the company measures value based on the historical cost reduced by the depreciation and impairment loss. The issue in measurement of property, plant, and equipment arises in measuring the charge for depreciation. The Australian Accounting Standard 116 provides that the depreciation can be charged by straight line method or diminishing balance method (AASB 116, 2009). Thus, there is a choice available to the entities to compute deprecation charge either by applying straight line method or diminishing value method. In the current case, the company applies straight line method to compute the charge of depreciation on the property, plant, and equipment. Further, the issues also arise in the estimation of the useful life of the property, plant, and equipment because it depends upon the management experience (CCA, 2015). Further, it has been observed that issues also arise in the measurement of inventory. The AASB framework provides guidance for computation of the net realizable value, but there are no standard provisions that could be applied unanimously (AASB 102, 2009). In the current case, Coca- Cola Amital faces issues in arriving at the accurate figure for net realizable value of the investor. This is because the net realizable value is computed with reference to the market value and in the retail business, the market prices are found to be highly fluctuating. Thus, the company finds it difficult to arrive at the accurate price to compute the net realizable value correctly (CCA, 2015). Apart from this, the issues in the measurement of the receivables are faced by Coca- Cola Amital. The estimation of the bad debts or uncollectible receivables is highly subjective matter and poses difficulties before the management to arrive at the accurate figures. Further, the company also holds derivatives. In respect of derivatives, the management is required to compute the fair values on regulator basis, which adds difficulties in measurement of derivative financial instruments (CCA, 2015). 2.One of the most prominent purposes of preparation of the financial statements of a business is to provide relevant information to the investors about the financial wealth of the business (Beest, Braam, Boelens, 2009). The information provided through the financial statements should be such that meets the needs of the shareholders and other stakeholders. Further, the information should be represented in the financial statements in a decent manner that assists the investors in making decisions related to their investments with ease. The role of measurement of the assets and liabilities is crucial from the investors perspective. The figure that the assets and liabilities would appear at in the balance sheet entirely depends upon the measurement base adopted by the company (Beest, Braam, Boelens, 2009). Since, in certain areas the accounting framework gives choice to the entities to measure the assets and liabilities; therefore, it is possible that the entities manipulate the financial statements by miss-utilizing the choice. The companies may use the alternative methods of measurement to over state the assets and understate the liabilities and miss-guide the investors. Thus, the measurement of assets and liabilities, which results in overstatement of the assets and understatement of the liabilities vitiates the provision of decision useful information (Dandago Hassan, 2013). In the current case of Coca- Cola Amital, it has been observed that the company is following measurement that meets the criteria of decision useful information. The measurement of the assets and liabilities has been made by the company in accordance with the provisions and guidelines of the accounting framework. Further, in the instances where the alternative choices are available for measurement of the assets and liabilities, the company follows the concept of produce and ensures that the assets are not overstated and the liabilities are not understated (CCA, 2015). From the analysis of the annual report of Coca- Cola Amital, it can be observed that the company recognizes the revenues only when all the risks and rewards in respect of the goods sold have been transferred to the buyer. This policy of the company results in accurate recognition of the profits and the receivables (CCA, 2015). Further, the company recognizes rental income on the equipment given on lease in the proportion of the depreciation. This shows that the company does not overstate the liabilities and the measurement base adopted promotes the provisions of decision useful information. In addition to this, it has been observed that the company books liabilities as soon as the goods are received or the services are consumed (CCA, 2015). Therefore, it shows that the company assumes the obligation as soon as it becomes liable to pay. From this analysis, it could be articulated that the measurement of the assets and liabilities employed by the company affects the usefulness of the i nformation positively and it is in the interest of the investors. References AASB 102. (2009). Inventory. Retrieved September 22, 2016, from https://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content105/c9/AASB102_07-04_COMPjun09_01-09.pdf AASB 116. (2009). Property, Plant, and Equipment. Retrieved September 22, 2016, from https://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content105/c9/AASB116_07-04_COMPjun09_01-09.pdf Beest, F.V., Braam, G., Boelens, S. (2009). Quality of Financial Reporting: measuring qualitative characteristics. Retrieved September 22, 2016, from file:///C:/Users/Abasus%20Solution/Downloads/nice_09108.pdf Canadian Accounting Standards Board. (2006). Measurement Bases for Financial Accounting Measurement on Initial Recognition. Retrieved September 22, 2016, from https://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content105/c9/IASB_Canadian_MM_paper.pdf CCA. (2015). Annual report of CCA. Retrieved September 22, 2016, from https://www.ccamatil.com/-/media/Cca/Corporate/Files/Annual-Reports/2015/CCA166-CCA-Annual-Report-2015-WEB_final.ashx Dandago, K.I. Hassan, N.I.B. (2013). Decision usefulness approach to financial reporting: a case for Malaysian inland revenue board. Asian Economic and Financial Review, 3(6), 772-784.

REFLECTION OF CAREER IN PICU OR LABOR AND DELIVERY Essays

REFLECTION OF CAREER IN PICU OR LABOR AND DELIVERY Yesenia Rodriguez May 12, 2016 South University Reflection of Career in PICU or Labor and Delivery What have you learned about your career that you did not know before? What I learned was you need to have a year experience working in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. In the PICU, you learned new techniques every other day with your patients, to make it easier on your and the patients. I also learned that in the labor and delivery, you have to keep an eye on you patient, to make sure that the baby and the mother heart rate do not become bradycardia. That can cost problem at the time of delivery. I also thought that you need a year experience to work on the labor and delivery, but you don't, you had to been just graduated from college with a bachelor degree in nursing. Has this experience prepared you for your prospective career in any way? How? With this experience prepared me to realize that I need to think hard about the departments I want to work in. Especially in PICU, reason is when losing a patient who is a child, can make you think about your own at that time or for months. It's also going to be hard on my daughters because of the hours, the days and the holidays that I will be working. I have explained it to my oldest daughters that understand. What question have emerged from your observation, interviews, or findings, about your career? I emerged my observation with the nurses in the labor and delivery on the side of the main desk, they were talking and saying another Mexican trying to work in this wing of the hospital. I notice how Nurse Renee face turns red from embarrassment while speaking to me. Nurse Renee was friendly and helpful during the interview, but much helpful when she notices that I overheard the conversation. She made sure that I find all the information I need for my interview.